While IFN-α can be effective, it is also associated with a range of side effects, which can vary in severity:
- Flu-like Symptoms: Fever, chills, fatigue, and muscle aches are common. - Hematologic Toxicities: Decreased blood cell counts leading to anemia, neutropenia, or thrombocytopenia. - Neuropsychiatric Effects: Depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment can occur, particularly with long-term use. - Autoimmune Disorders: IFN-α can sometimes trigger autoimmune responses, leading to conditions like thyroiditis or lupus. - Gastrointestinal Disturbances: Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite are frequently reported.
