Tumor heterogeneity arises from multiple sources, including:
- Genetic Mutations: Different mutations can occur in different cells, leading to a variety of genetic profiles within a tumor. - Epigenetic Changes: Modifications in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence can contribute to heterogeneity. - Microenvironment: The tumor's surrounding environment, including immune cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix, can influence the behavior and characteristics of cancer cells. - Selective Pressures: Treatment and immune system pressures can lead to the survival of resistant cell populations, further diversifying the tumor.
