Despite its successes, the ICGC faces several challenges: 1. Data Complexity: Managing and interpreting the vast amounts of complex genomic data generated. 2. Funding: Securing continuous funding to support large-scale, long-term research projects. 3. Collaboration: Ensuring effective collaboration and data sharing among international partners, given differences in regulations, standards, and technologies. 4. Ethical Considerations: Addressing ethical issues related to the collection, use, and sharing of genetic data, including patient consent and privacy concerns.