A Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay is a laboratory technique used to measure cell proliferation. BrdU is a synthetic nucleoside that is an analog of thymidine, which gets incorporated into the DNA of dividing cells during the S-phase of the cell cycle. The incorporation of BrdU can then be detected using specific antibodies, making it a valuable tool for studying cell proliferation, especially in the context of cancer research.