Eltrombopag is an oral medication known as a thrombopoietin receptor agonist. It is primarily used to stimulate the production of platelets in the bone marrow, which can be crucial for patients experiencing low platelet counts due to various conditions, including certain types of cancer and other hematological disorders. By mimicking the action of thrombopoietin, a natural hormone, eltrombopag helps increase platelet levels, reducing the risk of bleeding complications.