Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the thyroid gland, causing it to become overactive. This condition, known as hyperthyroidism, leads to the excessive production of thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland is crucial as it regulates metabolism, and its hyperactivity can result in a myriad of symptoms including weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and irritability. The disease is named after Irish doctor Robert Graves, who first described it in the 19th century.
