Plerixafor is primarily used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), particularly for patients with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is used in combination with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to enhance the mobilization of HSCs, which are then collected and transplanted back into the patient to aid in the recovery of the bone marrow following high-dose chemotherapy.