There are several types of cancer biomarkers, including:
Diagnostic Biomarkers: These are used for the early detection of cancer. For example, Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer. Prognostic Biomarkers: These help in predicting the likely course of the disease. An example is HER2 in breast cancer. Predictive Biomarkers: These are used to predict the likely response to a particular treatment. For instance, KRAS mutation status in colorectal cancer patients treated with EGFR inhibitors. Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers: These indicate the biological response to a treatment. An example is the measurement of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to monitor treatment response.
