Several types of model systems are utilized in cancer research, each with unique advantages and limitations:
Cell Lines:Cancer cell lines are immortalized cells that can be cultured in vitro. They are widely used for studying cancer cell behavior, drug screening, and genetic manipulation. Animal Models:Animal models, particularly mice, are used to study cancer in a living organism, providing insights into tumor development, metastasis, and the immune response. Organoids: These are 3D structures derived from stem cells that mimic the architecture and function of organs, offering a more physiologically relevant model compared to traditional cell lines. Patient-Derived Xenografts (PDX): PDX models involve implanting human tumor tissues into immunocompromised mice, allowing the study of human cancer biology in an in vivo environment. Genetically Engineered Models (GEM): GEMs involve the modification of specific genes in animals to study the effects of these changes on cancer development.
