Allogeneic Transplant - Cancer Science

What is an Allogeneic Transplant?

An allogeneic transplant is a type of stem cell transplant where a patient receives stem cells from a donor. This is different from an autologous transplant, where a patient's own stem cells are used. The donor can be a family member or an unrelated person who matches the patient's tissue type.

When is an Allogeneic Transplant Used?

Allogeneic transplants are primarily used to treat certain types of leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. They are also used for some solid tumors and non-cancerous conditions like severe aplastic anemia.

How Does the Process Work?

The process begins with a conditioning regimen involving high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation to destroy the patient's diseased cells and to suppress their immune system. This is followed by the infusion of healthy stem cells from the donor. The new stem cells travel to the bone marrow, where they begin to produce new blood cells.

What are the Benefits?

The main benefit of an allogeneic transplant is that the donor stem cells can produce an entirely new immune system. This new immune system may help to target and kill any remaining cancer cells, a phenomenon known as the graft-versus-tumor effect.

What are the Risks?

Allogeneic transplants come with several risks, the most significant being graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), where the donor's immune cells attack the patient's tissues. Other risks include infections, organ damage, and a higher likelihood of relapse compared to other treatments.

How are Donors Selected?

Donors are selected based on HLA matching, which compares tissue types to ensure compatibility. Siblings are often the best match, but unrelated donors can also be found through donor registries like the National Marrow Donor Program.

What is the Recovery Like?

Recovery from an allogeneic transplant can be lengthy and challenging. Patients need to stay in the hospital for several weeks and require close monitoring for complications. Even after discharge, frequent medical check-ups and lifestyle adjustments are necessary for several months to years.

Future Directions

Research is ongoing to improve the outcomes of allogeneic transplants. This includes finding better ways to manage GVHD, enhancing immunotherapy approaches, and developing new conditioning regimens that are less toxic.

Relevant Publications

Isolated myeloid sarcoma of the tibia: A case report.

Issue Release: 2024

Cyclophosphamide and thiotepa increases risk of transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy.

Issue Release: 2024

Effects of Total Body Irradiation on Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Outcomes in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Prior Central Nervous System Involvement.

Issue Release: 2024

Anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (ATLG) compared to post-transplant cyclophosphamide as GvHD prophylaxis in ALL patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Issue Release: 2024

Second allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant conditioned with treosulfan and fludarabine is associated with encouraging overall survival and transplant related mortality in late relapse of myeloid malignancies.

Issue Release: 2024

Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Including Matched Sibling and Alternate Donor Transplants - Adaptations and Outcomes From a Tertiary Care Government Institute in India.

Issue Release: 2024

Trends in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation survival using population-based descriptive epidemiology method: analysis of national transplant registry data.

Issue Release: 2024

Second Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Relapsed Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Outcomes and Prognostic Factors.

Issue Release: 2024

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide compared to sirolimus/tacrolimus in reduced intensity conditioning transplants for patients with lymphoid malignancies.

Issue Release: 2024

Myelofibrosis and allogeneic transplantation: critical points and challenges.

Issue Release: 2024

Haploidentical HSCT in the Treatment of Pediatric Hematological Disorders.

Issue Release: 2024

Impact of post-transplant cyclophosphamide and splenomegaly on primary graft failure and multi-lineage cytopenia after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Issue Release: 2024

Identification of Pathogenic Pathways for Recurrence of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis after Kidney Transplantation.

Issue Release: 2024

Is HLA-E with its receptors an immune checkpoint or an antigenic determinant in allo-HCT?

Issue Release: 2024

The role of chemotherapy in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune disorders: From lymphoablative to myeloablative conditioning protocols.

Issue Release: 2024

Efficacy and safety of adoptive T-cell therapy in treating cytomegalovirus infections post-haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Issue Release: 2024

Case report: Autoimmune encephalomyelitis following cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Issue Release: 2024

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an Italian monocentric experience on the health assessment and eligibility of adult-related donors.

Issue Release: 2024

Post-Transplant Maintenance Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Issue Release: 2024

Immunoprotection Strategies in β-Cell Replacement Therapy: A Closer Look at Porcine Islet Xenotransplantation.

Issue Release: 2024

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