Audiometry - Cancer Science

What is Audiometry?

Audiometry is a non-invasive hearing test that measures a person's ability to hear different sounds, pitches, or frequencies. It is often used to diagnose hearing loss and is conducted using an audiometer. In the context of cancer, audiometry can be particularly important for monitoring patients who are undergoing treatments that may affect their hearing.

Why is Audiometry Important for Cancer Patients?

Certain cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can have side effects that include ototoxicity, which is the potential for causing hearing loss. Medications such as cisplatin and carboplatin are known to be ototoxic. Therefore, audiometry is crucial for early detection of hearing impairment, allowing for timely intervention and management.

When Should Audiometry Be Conducted?

Audiometric evaluations should ideally be conducted before the initiation of cancer treatment to establish a baseline hearing level. Subsequent tests should be performed periodically during treatment and after its completion to monitor any changes in hearing ability. This allows healthcare providers to make informed decisions about modifying treatment plans if necessary.

How is Audiometry Performed?

Audiometry involves a series of tests that measure hearing sensitivity. The patient is typically seated in a soundproof room and wears headphones through which different sounds are played. The tests include:

1. Pure Tone Audiometry: Measures the faintest tones a person can hear at different frequencies.
2. Speech Audiometry: Assesses the ability to hear and understand speech.
3. Tympanometry: Evaluates the function of the middle ear.

The results are plotted on an audiogram, which helps in assessing the degree and type of hearing loss.

What are the Consequences of Untreated Hearing Loss in Cancer Patients?

Untreated hearing loss can significantly impact a cancer patient's quality of life. It can lead to communication difficulties, social isolation, and even emotional distress. In some cases, it may also affect the patient's ability to understand and follow medical advice, which can hinder treatment adherence and outcomes.

Can Hearing Loss be Prevented or Managed?

Preventing hearing loss involves minimizing exposure to ototoxic agents when possible. If hearing loss occurs, management strategies include:

- Hearing aids: Amplify sounds to make them easier to hear.
- Cochlear implants: Surgically implanted devices for those with severe hearing loss.
- Assistive listening devices: Such as amplified telephones and television listening systems.
- Communication strategies: Including lip-reading and sign language.

What Should Patients and Caregivers Know?

Patients and caregivers should be aware of the potential risks of hearing loss associated with cancer treatments. Regular monitoring through audiometry can help detect changes early. They should also communicate any hearing difficulties to their healthcare provider promptly.

Conclusion

Audiometry is a vital tool in the comprehensive care of cancer patients, especially those undergoing treatments known to affect hearing. Regular hearing assessments can lead to early detection and intervention, significantly improving the quality of life for these individuals. Patients and caregivers should stay informed and proactive in addressing any auditory issues that arise during the course of treatment.