Hodgkin Lymphoma: Approximately 40% of Hodgkin lymphoma cases are linked to EBV.
Burkitt Lymphoma: This is an aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is highly associated with EBV, especially in regions where malaria is endemic.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: This type of cancer occurs in the nasopharynx and is particularly common in Southeast Asia and North Africa.
Gastric Cancer: EBV is found in about 10% of gastric cancer cases worldwide.
Hodgkin Lymphoma: Swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
Burkitt Lymphoma: Rapidly growing tumor in the jaw or abdomen, fever, and night sweats.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Nasal congestion, nosebleeds, hearing loss, and lumps in the neck.
Gastric Cancer: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and unexplained weight loss.
Blood tests: To look for antibodies against EBV.
Biopsies: Tissue samples from tumors can be tested for the presence of EBV DNA.
Imaging tests: Such as CT scans or MRIs, to locate tumors.
Can EBV-Associated Cancers Be Prevented?
There is currently no vaccine for EBV. Prevention strategies focus on reducing the risk of infection, such as avoiding the sharing of drinks, food, or personal items with someone who has the virus. Early detection and treatment of EBV-related conditions can also help manage the risk of developing cancer.
What is the Prognosis for Patients with EBV-Associated Cancers?
The prognosis varies depending on the type of cancer and how early it is detected. Generally, early-stage cancers have a better prognosis. For instance, Hodgkin lymphoma has a high cure rate when detected early, while advanced-stage gastric cancer has a poorer prognosis.
