Perihilar - Cancer Science

What is Perihilar?

Perihilar refers to the area around the hilum, the part of an organ where structures such as blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. In the context of cancer, it often pertains to the liver and bile ducts.

What is Perihilar Cancer?

Perihilar cancer, also known as hilar cholangiocarcinoma or Klatskin tumor, is a type of cancer that occurs at the confluence of the right and left hepatic bile ducts. It is a significant subtype of cholangiocarcinoma, which is a cancer of the bile ducts.

What are the Symptoms of Perihilar Cancer?

The symptoms of perihilar cancer are often non-specific and can be mistaken for other conditions. Common symptoms include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, weight loss, itching, and dark urine. These symptoms generally occur due to bile duct obstruction.

How is Perihilar Cancer Diagnosed?

Perihilar cancer diagnosis involves multiple steps. Initially, blood tests are conducted to check for elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin. Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI are used to visualize the tumor. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) are specialized imaging techniques used to further detail the bile ducts. A biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

What are the Treatment Options for Perihilar Cancer?

Treatment options for perihilar cancer depend on the stage and extent of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health. Surgical resection is considered the best option for potentially curative treatment. This may involve a hepatectomy or liver transplant. For patients who are not surgical candidates, options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and palliative care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

What is the Prognosis for Patients with Perihilar Cancer?

The prognosis for patients with perihilar cancer varies depending on the stage at diagnosis and the success of treatment. In general, the prognosis is poor, with a five-year survival rate of around 10-20% for patients undergoing surgical resection. Early detection and advances in treatment methods are essential for improving outcomes.

Are There Risk Factors for Developing Perihilar Cancer?

Several risk factors are associated with developing perihilar cancer. These include chronic inflammation of the bile ducts, conditions such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), liver fluke infections, and exposure to certain chemicals. Additionally, genetic factors and lifestyle choices like smoking may contribute to the risk.

How Can Perihilar Cancer Be Prevented?

While there is no sure way to prevent perihilar cancer, reducing risk factors can help. This includes managing underlying conditions like PSC, avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Regular screening and monitoring for individuals at high risk can aid in early detection and treatment.

Relevant Publications

Tubulocystic Carcinoma of Bile Ducts: A Distinct Type of Cholangiocarcinoma Associated With Adenofibroma-type Lesions.

Issue Release: 2024

Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy with delayed division of the pancreatic parenchyma when utilizing a right lateral approach to the superior mesenteric artery.

Issue Release: 2024

A Single Institution\'s Experience With Robotic Resections of Biliary Tract Cancers. An Analysis of the Short-Term Outcomes and Long-Term Survival.

Issue Release: 2024

Realizing Textbook Outcomes Following Liver Resection for Hepatic Neoplasms with Development and Validation of a Predictive Nomogram.

Issue Release: 2024

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) characteristics in the bile and plasma of advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma patients and the construction of an eccDNA-related gene prognosis model.

Issue Release: 2024

Decreasing Albumin mRNA Expression in Cholangiocarcinomas along the Bile Duct Tree.

Issue Release: 2024

Robotic Left Hepatectomy with En Bloc Biliary Resection and Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy: A Technique of Portal Venous Tangential Vascular Reconstruction.

Issue Release: 2024

Advancing treatment for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: role of hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy in small-volume centers.

Issue Release: 2024

KRAS Allelic Variants in Biliary Tract Cancers.

Issue Release: 2024

EGFR, HER2, and MET gene amplification and protein expression profiles in biliary tract cancer and their prognostic significance.

Issue Release: 2024

Recent Advancement in Diagnosis of Biliary Tract Cancer through Pathological and Molecular Classifications.

Issue Release: 2024

Role of Intraoperative Frozen Section Assessment of Proximal Bile Duct Margins and the Impact of Additional Re-Resection in Perihilar Cholangiocarcinomas.

Issue Release: 2024

Partial liver resection alters the bile salt-FGF19 axis in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: Implications for liver regeneration.

Issue Release: 2024

ASO Author Reflections: Benefits of Surgical Resection of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma with Positive Peritoneal Lavage Cytology.

Issue Release: 2024

Body composition is associated with postoperative complications in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Issue Release: 2024

Tumour stage and overall survival in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis - a retrospective cohort study.

Issue Release: 2024

Current Standards, Multidisciplinary Approaches, and Future Directions in the Management of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

Issue Release: 2024

A Standardized Interrupted Parachute Suture Technique in Hepaticojejunostomy for Patients With Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma.

Issue Release: 2024

ASO Visual Abstract: Classification of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma into Perihilar Versus Peripheral Subtype.

Issue Release: 2024

Impact of Tumor Subclassifications for Identifying an Appropriate Surgical Strategy in Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

Issue Release: 2024

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