What is Reactome?
Reactome is a free, open-source, curated database of pathways and reactions in human biology. It provides detailed information about various biological processes and the molecular interactions involved. Reactome is extensively used in research to understand the complex biological mechanisms underlying different diseases, including
cancer.
Why is Reactome Important in Cancer Research?
Cancer is a multifaceted disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and the ability to invade other tissues. The study of cancer involves understanding various biological pathways that are deregulated. Reactome provides a comprehensive resource that helps scientists explore these pathways in a structured manner, offering insights into the underlying mechanisms of cancer. This, in turn, aids in the identification of potential
biomarkers and targets for therapy.
How Does Reactome Facilitate Pathway Analysis in Cancer?
Reactome allows researchers to perform
pathway enrichment analysis, which identifies pathways that are significantly altered in cancer. By mapping experimental data such as gene expression profiles onto Reactome pathways, researchers can pinpoint which pathways are activated or repressed in a specific cancer type. This helps in understanding the roles of individual genes and proteins in the progression of cancer.
How Can Reactome Help in Drug Discovery and Development?
Reactome aids in the identification of potential drug targets by highlighting the key molecules involved in cancer-related pathways. For instance, inhibitors targeting the
PI3K or
MAPK pathways can be investigated for their efficacy in treating specific cancers. Additionally, Reactome's detailed pathway maps can be used to predict the effects of drug combinations, helping to design more effective treatment regimens.
What Tools Does Reactome Offer for Cancer Research?
Reactome provides various tools that are valuable for cancer research. The
Pathway Browser allows users to visualize and explore pathways interactively. The
Analysis Service enables researchers to perform pathway enrichment analysis with their experimental data. The
ReactomeFIViz app, available in Cytoscape, facilitates the visualization of functional interaction networks, enhancing the understanding of complex cancer biology.
Can Reactome Be Integrated with Other Databases?
Yes, Reactome can be integrated with other databases such as
TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and
COSMIC (Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer). This integration enables researchers to combine pathway data with genomic and clinical data, providing a more comprehensive view of cancer biology and aiding in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
What Are the Limitations of Using Reactome in Cancer Research?
While Reactome is a powerful resource, it has some limitations. The database primarily focuses on human pathways, so information about non-human models may be limited. Additionally, Reactome's pathway data is curated from existing literature, which may not always be up-to-date with the latest research findings. Despite these limitations, Reactome remains a valuable tool for understanding the molecular underpinnings of cancer.
Conclusion
Reactome is an indispensable resource in cancer research, providing detailed information on pathways and reactions involved in the disease. By facilitating pathway analysis, drug discovery, and integration with other databases, Reactome helps researchers uncover the complex mechanisms of cancer and develop more effective therapies. Despite some limitations, its comprehensive and curated data make it a vital tool for advancing our understanding of cancer biology.
