What is Stereotactic Radiosurgery?
Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) is a non-invasive radiation therapy technique used to treat small to medium-sized tumors, both benign and malignant, within the body. Despite its name, SRS is not surgery in the traditional sense. Instead, it uses precisely targeted radiation beams to destroy cancerous cells with minimal impact on surrounding healthy tissue.
How Does SRS Work?
SRS involves the use of detailed imaging techniques like
MRI and
CT scans to pinpoint the exact location of the tumor. Once the target is identified, multiple beams of high-dose radiation are focused on the tumor from different angles. This concentrated dose of radiation disrupts the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from multiplying and eventually causing them to die.
What Types of Cancer Can Be Treated with SRS?
SRS is commonly used for brain tumors, both primary and metastatic. It is also effective for treating other conditions such as spinal tumors, lung cancer, liver cancer, and certain cases of
prostate cancer. The technique is particularly useful for tumors that are hard to reach or located near critical structures where traditional surgery would be too risky.
What Are the Benefits of SRS?
One of the main advantages of SRS is its precision, which spares healthy tissue and minimizes side effects. The non-invasive nature of SRS means that it does not require any incisions, reducing the risk of infection and other complications. Additionally, the procedure is typically done on an outpatient basis, allowing patients to return to their normal activities more quickly compared to traditional surgery.
What Are the Risks and Side Effects?
While SRS is generally safe, it is not without potential risks and side effects. Some patients may experience fatigue, nausea, or headaches after the procedure. There can also be localized swelling or inflammation at the treatment site. In rare cases, more serious complications like radiation necrosis (the death of healthy tissue due to radiation) may occur. It is crucial to discuss these risks with your healthcare provider before undergoing the procedure.
Who Is a Candidate for SRS?
The suitability of SRS depends on various factors, including the size, location, and type of tumor. Patients with small to medium-sized tumors that are well-defined and located in areas accessible to radiation are ideal candidates. It is also an option for patients who are not good candidates for traditional surgery due to other health conditions or advanced age.
How to Prepare for SRS?
Preparation for SRS typically involves a series of imaging tests to accurately locate the tumor. Patients may also need to undergo a custom-fitted mask or body frame to keep them still during the procedure. It is important to follow any pre-procedure instructions from your healthcare team, which may include fasting or adjusting medications.
What to Expect During the Procedure?
During the SRS procedure, patients lie on a treatment table while a machine delivers the focused radiation beams. The procedure usually lasts between 30 minutes to several hours, depending on the complexity of the treatment. Patients are awake and can communicate with the medical team throughout the process. Once the treatment is completed, patients can usually go home the same day.
What Is the Follow-Up Care Like?
After SRS, patients will need to attend follow-up appointments to monitor their progress. This may include additional imaging tests to assess the effectiveness of the treatment. Any side effects or complications should be reported to the healthcare provider immediately. Long-term follow-up is essential to ensure that the tumor has been effectively controlled and to manage any delayed side effects.
Conclusion
Stereotactic Radiosurgery offers a promising alternative to traditional surgical methods for treating various types of cancer. Its precision, minimal invasiveness, and quick recovery make it an attractive option for many patients. However, as with any medical procedure, it is crucial to consult with a specialized healthcare provider to determine if SRS is the right treatment for your specific condition.
