How does surgery work in cancer treatment?
Surgery involves the physical removal of the tumor from the body. It is often the first line of treatment for solid tumors. The goal is to remove as much of the cancer as possible. Sometimes, surgery is used in conjunction with other treatments like radiation or chemotherapy to enhance its effectiveness.
What is radiation therapy?
Radiation therapy uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors. It can be delivered externally or internally (brachytherapy). External beam radiation targets the cancer from outside the body, while brachytherapy involves placing a radioactive source inside the body near the cancer cells.
How does chemotherapy treat cancer?
Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells. These drugs can be administered orally or intravenously. Chemotherapy works by targeting rapidly dividing cells, which include cancer cells. However, it can also affect healthy cells, leading to side effects like hair loss and nausea.
What is immunotherapy?
Immunotherapy aims to boost the body’s own immune system to fight cancer. This can involve the use of monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, or cancer vaccines. Immunotherapy has shown great promise in treating certain types of cancer, such as melanoma and lung cancer.
How does targeted therapy differ from other treatments?
Targeted therapy focuses on specific molecules involved in the growth and spread of cancer. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, which affects all rapidly dividing cells, targeted therapy aims to block the growth and spread of cancer cells specifically. Drugs used in targeted therapy often have fewer side effects compared to chemotherapy.
What are the side effects of cancer treatments?
Side effects vary depending on the type of treatment.
Chemotherapy can cause hair loss, nausea, and fatigue. Radiation therapy may lead to skin irritation and fatigue.
Surgery can result in pain and risk of infection. Immunotherapy side effects might include flu-like symptoms, while targeted therapy can cause skin problems and hypertension.
What role does lifestyle play in cancer treatment?
While medical treatments are crucial, a healthy lifestyle can support treatment and recovery. This includes maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol. Psychological support and stress management are also important for overall well-being.
How do doctors determine the best treatment plan?
The best treatment plan is determined through a multidisciplinary approach, involving surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and other specialists. Factors considered include the type and stage of cancer, the patient's health, and preferences. Diagnostic tests and imaging studies are also crucial in forming an effective treatment plan.
