While some risk factors for tumorigenesis, such as genetic predisposition, cannot be altered, others can be mitigated through lifestyle changes and medical interventions:
- Prevention: Avoiding known carcinogens, maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and vaccinations (e.g., HPV vaccine) can reduce the risk of cancer.
- Early Detection: Screening and early detection can improve outcomes by identifying tumors at an earlier, more treatable stage.
- Treatment: Options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Advances in precision medicine have led to treatments that specifically target genetic and molecular changes in cancer cells.
