The discovery of cancer biomarkers involves a multi-step process that includes the identification, validation, and clinical application of these markers. Researchers often start by comparing the biological molecules from cancerous tissues to non-cancerous ones to identify potential biomarkers. Techniques such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are commonly utilized. Following identification, validation studies are conducted to confirm the biomarker's accuracy and reliability. Ultimately, clinical trials assess the practical utility of these biomarkers in real-world settings.
