Clinical trials typically proceed through several phases, each designed to answer specific research questions. Phase I trials assess the safety and optimal dosing of a new treatment. Phase II trials evaluate the efficacy of the treatment in a larger group of patients. Phase III trials compare the new treatment to the current standard of care in a large population to confirm its effectiveness and monitor side effects. Finally, Phase IV trials occur after a treatment has been approved, continuing to monitor its long-term effects and safety.
