Mapping epigenetic changes involves various high-throughput techniques to analyze DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA profiles. Key technologies include:
- Bisulfite Sequencing: This method is used for mapping DNA methylation. It involves treating DNA with bisulfite to convert unmethylated cytosine to uracil, while methylated cytosine remains unchanged. Subsequent sequencing reveals the methylation status of cytosines.
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP-seq): This technique maps histone modifications and transcription factor binding sites. It involves immunoprecipitating chromatin with antibodies specific to modified histones, followed by sequencing the associated DNA.
- RNA-seq: This method profiles non-coding RNAs by sequencing the RNA molecules in a sample. It provides insights into the expression levels and potential regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs in cancer.
