Constructing gene co-expression networks typically involves the following steps: 1. Data Collection: Obtaining gene expression data from high-throughput technologies such as RNA-Seq or microarrays. 2. Preprocessing: Normalizing and filtering the data to remove noise and ensure quality. 3. Correlation Calculation: Computing pairwise correlation coefficients between gene expression levels to identify significant co-expression relationships. 4. Network Formation: Creating a network where nodes are genes and edges represent significant correlations, often using thresholds to focus on strong correlations. 5. Module Detection: Identifying clusters or modules within the network that consist of highly interconnected genes, often using algorithms like WGCNA (Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis).