Genetic mutations in cancer can be identified using various techniques:
1. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): NGS allows for high-throughput sequencing of DNA, enabling the identification of mutations across the entire genome or specific regions. 2. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): PCR is used to amplify specific DNA sequences, making it easier to detect mutations. 3. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH): FISH uses fluorescent probes to detect specific DNA sequences within the chromosomes. 4. Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH): CGH compares normal and tumor DNA to identify chromosomal abnormalities. 5. Sanger Sequencing: This traditional method is used for sequencing smaller DNA fragments and confirming mutations identified by other techniques.
