Thyroid nodules are often discovered during a routine physical exam or through imaging tests for unrelated issues. Once identified, several diagnostic tests can be performed:
Ultrasound: This imaging test helps to determine the size, shape, and composition of the nodule. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy: A sample of cells is taken from the nodule and examined under a microscope to check for cancer. Blood Tests: These can measure levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to assess thyroid function. Radioactive Iodine Scan: This test can help determine whether the nodule is 'hot' (producing thyroid hormone) or 'cold' (not producing hormone), with cold nodules being more likely to be cancerous.
