How do bacterial infections contribute to cancer development?
Bacterial infections can contribute to cancer development in several ways:
Chronic Inflammation: Persistent bacterial infections can cause chronic inflammation, which creates a microenvironment conducive to cancer. For instance, chronic H. pylori infection leads to sustained inflammation in the stomach lining, increasing the risk of gastric cancer. Immune Evasion: Some bacteria can evade the immune system, leading to a prolonged infection that may cause cellular changes and mutations. Direct Cellular Damage: Certain bacteria produce toxins that can directly damage DNA, leading to mutations. For example, the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) produced by H. pylori can interfere with cellular processes and promote cancer. Gut Microbiome Alterations: Disruption of the gut microbiome by pathogenic bacteria can impact the body's immune response and inflammation levels, potentially increasing cancer risk.
