Biological genotoxins cause cancer by inducing mutations in the DNA. These mutations can disrupt normal cellular processes, leading to uncontrolled cell division and tumor formation. Some genotoxins directly damage the DNA, while others interfere with cellular mechanisms that repair DNA or control the cell cycle. Over time, the accumulation of mutations can lead to the development of oncogenes or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, both of which are critical events in the initiation and progression of cancer.
