Cancer cells exploit ER stress and the UPR to their advantage. The UPR can enhance cancer cell survival by:
Increasing the expression of chaperones and folding enzymes to manage protein load. Upregulating genes involved in autophagy and ERAD, which help remove misfolded proteins. Modulating apoptotic pathways to prevent cell death.
These adaptations allow cancer cells to thrive even under adverse conditions, contributing to tumor progression and resistance to various treatments.