dna repair mechanisms

How do DNA Repair Mechanisms Work?

There are several DNA repair pathways, each specialized for different types of damage. Key mechanisms include:
- Base Excision Repair (BER): Fixes small, non-helix-distorting base lesions.
- Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER): Repairs bulky, helix-distorting lesions caused by UV light.
- Mismatch Repair (MMR): Corrects errors that occur during DNA replication.
- Homologous Recombination (HR): Repairs double-strand breaks using a sister chromatid as a template.
- Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ): Repairs double-strand breaks without a template, potentially leading to mutations.

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