Genetic modifiers are genes that can alter the effect of other genes associated with cancer risk. For instance, while mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are well-known for increasing breast and ovarian cancer risk, other genetic variants can modify this risk. These modifiers can affect cancer susceptibility, influence the age of onset, and even alter the response to treatment. Identifying and understanding these genetic interactions can help in developing personalized therapies and preventive strategies.
