The principle behind Listeria-based vaccines is to harness the immune system's power to recognize and destroy cancer cells. The modified Listeria bacteria are engineered to express specific tumor antigens. When these bacteria are introduced into the body, they infect host cells, including antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like dendritic cells. These APCs then present the tumor antigens to T-cells, effectively 'training' them to recognize and attack the cancer cells bearing these antigens.
