Mutations can lead to cancer by disrupting the function of key genes involved in cell growth and division. These genes include:
Oncogenes: Mutated forms of normal genes (proto-oncogenes) that promote cell division and survival. When activated by mutations, oncogenes can drive uncontrolled cell proliferation. Tumor suppressor genes: Genes that normally inhibit cell growth and promote apoptosis. Loss-of-function mutations in these genes remove the brakes on cell division, leading to tumor formation. DNA repair genes: Genes involved in repairing DNA damage. Mutations in these genes can result in an accumulation of genetic errors, increasing the likelihood of cancer.
