PAMPs are recognized by PRRs such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) on immune cells. This recognition activates signaling pathways that lead to the production of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. These responses help in recruiting and activating various immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, to the site of infection, thereby initiating an adaptive immune response.
