Detachment: Cancer cells detach from the primary tumor due to changes in cell adhesion molecules like E-cadherin. Degradation: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is degraded by enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), allowing cells to penetrate surrounding tissues. Migration: Cancer cells migrate through the ECM, guided by chemical signals in a process called chemotaxis. Invasion of Blood Vessels: Cells invade blood vessels or lymphatic systems, gaining access to distant parts of the body.
