Several factors contribute to the ability of cancer cells to invade:
Genetic Mutations: Mutations in genes such as TP53 and KRAS can enhance invasive properties. Microenvironment: The tumor microenvironment provides growth factors, cytokines, and enzymes that facilitate invasion. Hypoxia: Low oxygen levels can promote the expression of invasion-related genes. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can enhance the invasion by providing pro-invasive signals.
