During cryoablation, a thin, needle-like instrument called a cryoprobe is inserted into the tumor under imaging guidance, such as ultrasound or CT scan. The cryoprobe delivers the freezing agent directly to the tumor, creating an ice ball that engulfs the cancerous tissue. The rapid freezing causes ice crystals to form within the cells, leading to cell membrane rupture and ultimately cell death. The subsequent thawing phase further damages the vascular supply to the tumor, enhancing the effectiveness of the treatment.
