In normal cells, DNA methylation helps maintain genomic stability and regulate gene expression. However, in cancer cells, abnormal methylation patterns are common. These include hypomethylation and hypermethylation.
- Hypomethylation: Often seen in repetitive DNA sequences, hypomethylation can lead to genomic instability and activation of oncogenes. - Hypermethylation: Occurs in the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes, leading to their silencing and uncontrolled cell growth.
