One of the significant challenges in cancer treatment is its heterogeneity. Cancer is not a single disease but a collection of related diseases, each with unique genetic and molecular profiles. This heterogeneity can exist between tumors in different patients (inter-tumor heterogeneity) and even within a single tumor (intra-tumor heterogeneity). The latter is often driven by clonal evolution, where different subclones of cancer cells acquire distinct genetic mutations over time. This diversity can lead to variations in treatment response and resistance.
