Several advanced techniques are employed to study cancer heterogeneity:
Next-generation sequencing (NGS): This technology allows for high-throughput analysis of genetic mutations and variations on a large scale. Single-cell RNA sequencing: This method helps in understanding the transcriptomic profile of individual cells within a tumor, providing insights into intra-tumor heterogeneity. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): These techniques are used to visualize specific proteins and genetic abnormalities in tumor tissues, respectively.
