PKM2 activity is regulated through several mechanisms, including allosteric regulation, post-translational modifications, and interactions with other proteins. Allosterically, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) activates PKM2 by promoting its tetrameric form. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and hydroxylation can modulate PKM2 activity. For example, phosphorylation of PKM2 by fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) can reduce its activity, promoting the Warburg effect.
