Retinopathy can occur in cancer patients due to multiple factors. Firstly, certain types of cancer, such as ocular melanoma, directly affect the eye. Secondly, systemic cancers can lead to paraneoplastic syndromes, where the immune system's response to cancer affects the retina. Lastly, cancer treatments like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and certain targeted therapies can cause or exacerbate retinopathy.
