The cell cycle is tightly regulated by a complex network of proteins and signaling pathways. Key regulators include cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and checkpoint proteins. Cyclins bind to CDKs, activating them to phosphorylate target proteins that drive the cell cycle forward. Checkpoint proteins such as p53 and Rb ensure that the cell does not proceed to the next phase if there are errors or damage, maintaining genomic integrity.
