Several common mutations have been identified in various types of cancer. Some of the most frequently mutated genes include:
- TP53: Often referred to as the "guardian of the genome," TP53 mutations are found in over 50% of human cancers. These mutations can lead to a loss of function, allowing cells to bypass apoptosis and continue dividing. - KRAS: Mutations in KRAS are commonly found in colorectal, pancreatic, and lung cancers. These mutations result in the constant activation of cellular signaling pathways that promote cell growth and survival. - BRCA1 and BRCA2: Mutations in these genes are associated with a high risk of breast and ovarian cancers. They play crucial roles in DNA repair, and their loss leads to genomic instability.
