What are Confounding Variables and How Can They Be Controlled?
Confounding variables are factors other than the independent variable that might affect the dependent variable. In cancer research, these could include patients' age, genetic predisposition, comorbidities, or lifestyle choices. Researchers can control for confounding variables through techniques such as randomization, stratification, and statistical adjustments. For instance, using multivariable regression models can help account for the influence of these confounders.
