Cytokines are signaling molecules that mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They include interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), and chemokines. In the context of cancer, cytokines can have both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic effects. For instance, [IL-6](href="") and [TNF-alpha](href="") are often associated with promoting tumor growth and survival, while [IFN-gamma](href="") can enhance anti-tumor immunity.
