ASA I: A normal healthy patient with no systemic disease. ASA II: A patient with mild systemic disease, such as controlled hypertension or diabetes, without significant impact on daily activities. ASA III: A patient with severe systemic disease that limits activity but is not incapacitating. This could include uncontrolled diabetes or heart disease. ASA IV: A patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life, such as severe COPD or advanced heart failure. ASA V: A moribund patient who is not expected to survive without the operation. This may include patients with massive trauma or advanced cancer with significant organ failure. ASA VI: A declared brain-dead patient whose organs are being removed for donor purposes.
