Several challenges exist in the development and application of CAR T cell therapy. These include: - Tumor Heterogeneity: Cancers are often heterogeneous, meaning different cells within the same tumor may express different proteins. This can make it difficult for CAR T cells to target all cancer cells effectively. - Solid Tumors: Unlike blood cancers, solid tumors present a more challenging environment for CAR T cells due to physical barriers and immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment. - Antigen Escape: Cancer cells may downregulate or mutate the targeted antigen, rendering CAR T cells less effective. - Manufacturing and Cost: Producing CAR T cells is complex, time-consuming, and expensive, limiting accessibility for many patients.
