While GWAS have provided valuable insights, they are not without challenges:
Complexity of Cancer: Cancer is a multifactorial disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, making it difficult to pinpoint specific genetic causes. Population Stratification: Differences in genetic background between populations can lead to false-positive results if not properly accounted for. Rare Variants: GWAS are more effective at identifying common genetic variants but may miss rare variants that also contribute to cancer risk. Functional Studies: Identifying a SNP associated with cancer is just the first step; further research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms involved.
