What are the Key ECM Modulators Involved in Cancer?
Several ECM modulators play pivotal roles in cancer, including:
1. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs): These are a family of enzymes that degrade various ECM components, facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis. 2. Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (TIMPs): These inhibitors regulate MMP activity and maintain ECM integrity. 3. Integrins: These are cell surface receptors that mediate cell-ECM interactions and influence cell migration, survival, and proliferation. 4. Growth Factors: Molecules like transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) modulate ECM composition and can promote angiogenesis and tumor growth.
