The BER pathway involves several key enzymes, including DNA glycosylases, such as OGG1, which recognizes and removes damaged bases; AP endonucleases like APE1, which cut the DNA backbone; DNA polymerases, such as Pol β, which synthesize new DNA; and DNA ligases, such as Ligase III, which seal the DNA nick. Each of these enzymes plays a specific and critical role in ensuring the efficiency and accuracy of the BER process.
