What Are the Key Omics Layers in Multi-Omics Studies?
1. Genomics: Focuses on the DNA sequence and variations, such as mutations and structural alterations. Techniques like whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) are commonly used.
2. Transcriptomics: Analyzes RNA expression levels to understand gene activity. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a popular method for transcriptomic studies.
3. Proteomics: Investigates the protein composition, modifications, and interactions. Mass spectrometry (MS) and protein microarrays are key technologies.
4. Metabolomics: Studies small-molecule metabolites within cells, tissues, or biofluids. Techniques like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are employed.
5. Epigenomics: Examines DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin accessibility. Methods like bisulfite sequencing and ChIP-seq are utilized.
