What are the Mechanisms Behind Carotenoids' Anti-Cancer Properties?
The anti-cancer properties of carotenoids are attributed to several mechanisms: 1. Antioxidant Activity: Neutralizing free radicals to prevent DNA damage. 2. Immune System Enhancement: Boosting the body's natural defenses. 3. Gene Expression Modulation: Influencing genes related to cell growth and apoptosis (programmed cell death). 4. Anti-Inflammatory Properties: Reducing chronic inflammation, which is a risk factor for cancer.